Dzina lazinthu: Polyamide, Nylon (PA)
Chiyambi ndi Makhalidwe
Polyamides, yomwe imadziwika kuti Nylon, yokhala ndi dzina lachingerezi la Polyamide (PA) komanso kachulukidwe ka 1.15g/cm3, ndi utomoni wa thermoplastic wokhala ndi gulu lobwereza la amide -- [NHCO] -- pa unyolo waukulu wa mamolekyulu, kuphatikiza aliphatic PA, aliphatic. PA and aromatic PA.
Mitundu ya Aliphatic PA ndi yambiri, yokhala ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.Dzina lake limatsimikiziridwa ndi nambala yeniyeni ya maatomu a carbon mu monoma yopangira.Linapangidwa ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku America Carothers ndi gulu lake lofufuza za sayansi.
Nayiloni ndi mawu otanthauza ulusi wa polyamide (polyamide), womwe umatha kupangidwa kukhala ulusi wautali kapena waufupi.Nayiloni ndi dzina lamalonda la ulusi wa polyamide, womwe umadziwikanso kuti nayiloni.Polyamide (PA) ndi aliphatic Polyamide yomwe imalumikizidwa pamodzi ndi chomangira cha amide [NHCO].
Kapangidwe ka Mamolekyulu
Ulusi wa nayiloni wamba ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri.
Kalasi ya polyhexylenediamine adipate imapezedwa ndi condensation ya diamine ndi diacid.Kapangidwe kakemidwe ka molekyulu yake yayitali ndi motere:H- [HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Kulemera kwa maselo amtundu uwu wa polyamide nthawi zambiri kumakhala 17000-23000.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polyamide imatha kupezeka malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa maatomu a kaboni a ma amines oyimba ndi ma diacids omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka komwe kumawonjezeredwa ku polyamide, komwe nambala yoyamba ndi kuchuluka kwa maatomu a kaboni amines bayinare, ndipo yachiwiri. nambala ndi chiwerengero cha maatomu a carbon a diacids.Mwachitsanzo, polyamide 66 imasonyeza kuti imapangidwa ndi polycondensation ya hexylenediamine ndi adipic acid.Nayiloni 610 imasonyeza kuti imapangidwa kuchokera ku hexylenediamine ndi sebacic acid.
Zina zimapezedwa ndi caprolactam polycondensation kapena polima-kutsegula polima.Kapangidwe kakemidwe ka mamolekyu ake autali wamtali ndi motere:H- [NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa maatomu a kaboni mu kapangidwe ka unit, mayina amitundu yosiyanasiyana atha kupezeka.Mwachitsanzo, polyamide 6 imasonyeza kuti imapezeka ndi cyclo-polymerization ya caprolactam yomwe ili ndi maatomu 6 a carbon.
Polyamide 6, polyamide 66 ndi ulusi wina wa aliphatic polyamide onse amapangidwa ndi ma macromolecules okhala ndi ma amide bond (-NHCO-).Mamolekyu a polyamide ali ndi -CO-, -NH-magulu, amatha kupanga zomangira za haidrojeni mu mamolekyu kapena mamolekyu, amathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi mamolekyu ena, kotero kuti luso la polyamide fiber hygroscopic ndilobwino, ndipo likhoza kupanga mawonekedwe abwino a kristalo.
Chifukwa -CH2-(methylene) mu molekyulu ya polyamide imatha kutulutsa mphamvu yofooka ya van der Waals, kupiringa kwa molekyulu ya gawo -CH2-gawo ndi yayikulu.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masiku ano a CH2-, mitundu yolumikizana ya ma inter-molecular hydrogen bond sizofanana kwathunthu, ndipo kuthekera kwa ma molecular crimping ndikosiyananso.Kuphatikiza apo, mamolekyu ena a polyamide amakhala ndi chiwongolero.Mayendedwe a mamolekyu ndi osiyana, ndipo mapangidwe a ulusi sali ofanana ndendende.
Mapangidwe a Morphological ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Ulusi wa polyamide wopezedwa ndi njira yosungunula yosungunuka uli ndi gawo lozungulira lozungulira ndipo palibe mawonekedwe apadera autali.Minofu ya filamentous fibrillar imatha kuwonedwa pansi pa maikulosikopu ya elekitironi, ndipo makulidwe a fibril a polyamide 66 ndi pafupifupi 10-15nm.Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa polyamide wokhala ndi spinneret wowoneka mwapadera ukhoza kupangidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana owoneka bwino, monga polygonal, mawonekedwe a masamba, obowoka ndi zina zotero.Mapangidwe ake okhazikika a boma amagwirizana kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha kutambasula ndi kutentha panthawi yozungulira.
Msana wa macromolecular wa ulusi wosiyanasiyana wa polyamide umapangidwa ndi maatomu a kaboni ndi nayitrogeni.
CHIKWANGWANI chooneka ngati mbiri chimatha kusintha kukhuthala kwa ulusi, kupanga CHIKWANGWANI kukhala ndi chonyezimira chapadera ndi kutukusira katundu, kukonza kaphatikizidwe ka ulusi ndi luso lophimba, kukana mapiritsi, kuchepetsa magetsi osasunthika ndi zina zotero.Monga makona atatu CHIKWANGWANI ali kung'anima kwenikweni;Ulusi wamasamba asanu uli ndi kuwala kwa mafuta, kumva bwino kwa manja ndi anti-pilling;Chingwe chopanda kanthu chifukwa cha patsekeke mkati, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kuteteza bwino kutentha.
Polyamide ili ndi zinthu zabwino zonse, kuphatikiza mawotchi, kukana kutentha, kukana kwa abrasion, kukana kwamankhwala ndi kudzipaka mafuta, kugundana kocheperako, kuwongolera moto pang'onopang'ono, kukonza kosavuta, komanso koyenera kusinthidwa kolimba ndi fiber magalasi ndi zodzaza zina. kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
Polyamide ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, ndi zina zotero, komanso PA6T yonunkhira bwino komanso nayiloni yapadera yopangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-14-2022