Dzina lazinthu: Polyester
Chiyambi ndi Makhalidwe
Polyester fiber, yomwe imadziwika kuti "polyester".Ndizitsulo zopangidwa ndi polyester yozungulira yopangidwa kuchokera ku polycondensation ya organic diacid ndi diol, yochepa kwa PET fiber, yomwe ili m'magulu akuluakulu a maselo.Adapangidwa mu 1941, pakali pano ndiye mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamafuta opangira.Ubwino waukulu wa ulusi wa poliyesitala ndikukana makwinya komanso kusunga mawonekedwe ndikwabwino kwambiri, ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kuthekera kochira.Tsitsi lake ndi lolimba, loletsa makwinya komanso lopanda kusita, losamata.
Polyester (PET) CHIKWANGWANI ndi mtundu wa ulusi wopangidwa womwe umapangidwa ndi maunyolo osiyanasiyana a unyolo wa macromolecular olumikizidwa ndi gulu la ester ndikuwuluka kukhala fiber polima.Ku China, ulusi wokhala ndi polyethylene terephthalate wopitilira 85% umatchedwa poliyesitala mwachidule.Pali mayina ambiri ogulitsa mayiko, monga Dacron waku United States, Tetoron waku Japan, Terlenka waku United Kingdom, Lavsan waku Soviet Union wakale, ndi zina zambiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1894, Vorlander adapanga ma polyester okhala ndi mamolekyu ochepa olemera ndi succinyl chloride ndi ethylene glycol.Einkorn anapanga polycarbonate mu 1898;Carothers synthetic aliphatic polyester: The polyester synthesized in the early years is most aliphatic compound, molecular weight yake ndi malo osungunuka ndi otsika, osavuta kusungunuka m'madzi, kotero alibe phindu la nsalu.Mu 1941, Whinfield ndi Dickson ku Britain adapanga polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kuchokera ku dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) ndi ethylene glycol (EG), polima yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ulusi wokhala ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri posungunula kupota.Mu 1953, dziko la United States linakhazikitsa koyamba fakitale yopangira PET fiber, titero kunena kwake, PET fiber ndi mtundu wa ulusi wopangidwa mochedwa pakati pa ulusi waukulu wopangidwa.
Ndi chitukuko cha kaphatikizidwe ka organic, sayansi ya polima ndi mafakitale, ulusi wosiyanasiyana wa PET wokhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana wapangidwa zaka zaposachedwa.
Monga polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) CHIKWANGWANI ndi polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) CHIKWANGWANI ndi mkulu kutambasuka elasticity, zonse onunkhira poliyesitala CHIKWANGWANI ndi kopitilira muyeso-mkulu mphamvu ndi mkulu modulus, etc. : otchedwa "polyester CHIKWANGWANI" nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti polyethylene terephthalate fiber.
Munda Wofunsira
Ulusi wa polyester uli ndi zinthu zingapo zabwino kwambiri, monga kuthyoka kwakukulu ndi modulus zotanuka, kulimba mtima pang'ono, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri, kutentha kwabwino komanso kukana kuwala.Polyester CHIKWANGWANI kusungunuka mfundo ndi 255 ℃ kapena kotero, galasi kusintha kutentha pafupifupi 70 ℃, mu osiyanasiyana yotakata ntchito zinthu mapeto khola mawonekedwe, kuchapa nsalu ndi kuvala kukana, kuwonjezera, ali ndi impedance kwambiri (monga kukana zosungunulira organic). , sopo, detergent, bleach solution, oxidant) komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, asidi ofooka, alkali, monga kukhazikika, motero amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.Kukula mwachangu kwamakampani amafuta, komanso kupanga poliyesitala kuti apange zopangira zambiri komanso zotsika mtengo, kuphatikiza ndiukadaulo wamakina, makina, zamagetsi zamagetsi m'zaka zaposachedwa chitukuko chaukadaulo, monga zopangira kupanga, kupanga CHIKWANGWANI kupanga. ndi Machining ndondomeko pang'onopang'ono kukwaniritsa lalifupi osiyanasiyana, mosalekeza, mkulu liwiro ndi zochita zokha, poliyesitala CHIKWANGWANI wakhala yachangu kukula liwiro, mitundu yobala zipatso kupanga CHIKWANGWANI.Mu 2010, kupanga ulusi wa polyester padziko lonse lapansi kudafika matani 37.3 miliyoni, zomwe zidapangitsa 74% yapadziko lonse lapansi kupanga CHIKWANGWANI.
Zakuthupi
1) Mtundu.Polyester nthawi zambiri amakhala opalescent ndi mercerization.Kuti mupange zinthu za matte, onjezerani matte TiO2 musanayambe kupota;kupanga zoyera zoyera, onjezerani zoyera;kupanga silika wamitundu, kuwonjezera pigment kapena utoto mu kusungunula kusungunula.
2) Mawonekedwe a pamwamba ndi mtanda.Pamwamba pa polyester wamba ndi yosalala ndipo gawo la mtanda ndi pafupifupi kuzungulira.Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a gawo, monga triangular, Y-woboola pakati, dzenje ndi zina zapadera za silika, zitha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito spinneret yapadera.
3) Kachulukidwe.Pamene polyester ndi amorphous kwathunthu, kachulukidwe ake ndi 1.333g/cm3.1.455g/cm3 ikamawala bwino.Nthawi zambiri, poliyesitala imakhala ndi crystallinity yayikulu komanso kachulukidwe ka 1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3, yomwe ili yofanana ndi ubweya (1.32g/cm3).
4) Mlingo wobwezeretsa chinyezi.Kubwezeretsa chinyezi kwa poliyesitala mumkhalidwe wokhazikika ndi 0.4%, kutsika kuposa kwa acrylic (1% ~ 2%) ndi polyamide (4%).Polyester ili ndi hygroscopicity yochepa, kotero mphamvu yake yonyowa imachepa pang'ono, ndipo nsaluyo imatha kusamba;Koma chodabwitsa chamagetsi chokhazikika chimakhala chovuta kwambiri pokonza ndi kuvala, kutulutsa mpweya kwa nsalu ndi hygroscopicity ndizosauka.
5) Kuchita kwa kutentha.Malo ochepetsera T a polyester ndi 230-240 ℃, malo osungunuka Tm ndi 255-265 ℃, ndipo malo owonongeka T ndi pafupifupi 300 ℃.Polyester imatha kuyaka pamoto, kupindika ndikusungunuka kukhala mikanda, ndi utsi wakuda ndi fungo.
6) Kukana kuwala.Kukana kwake kowala ndi kwachiwiri kwa acrylic fiber.Kukana kuwala kwa dacron kumagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake ka maselo.Dacron amangokhala ndi gulu lolimba loyamwa m'dera la kuwala kwa 315nm, kotero mphamvu yake imangotaya 60% pambuyo pa 600h ya kuwala kwa dzuwa, yomwe ili yofanana ndi thonje.
7) Kuchita kwa magetsi.Polyester ili ndi ma conductivity otsika chifukwa cha kutsika kwa hygroscopicity, ndipo dielectric yake yokhazikika mumitundu ya -100~+160 ℃ ndi 3.0~3.8, kupangitsa kuti ikhale insulator yabwino kwambiri.
Mechanical Properties
1) Kuthamanga kwambiri.Mphamvu youma inali 4 ~ 7cN / DEX, pamene mphamvu yonyowa inachepa.
2) Kutalikirako pang'ono, 20% ~ 50%.
3) High modulus.Pakati pa mitundu yayikulu ya ulusi wopangira, modulus yoyamba ya polyester ndiyokwera kwambiri, yomwe imatha kufikira 14 ~ 17GPa, yomwe imapangitsa kuti nsalu ya polyester ikhale yolimba, yosasinthika, yosasinthika komanso yokhazikika pakukopa.
4) Kukhazikika bwino.Kutanuka kwake kuli pafupi ndi ubweya wa ubweya, ndipo kukulitsa ndi 5%, pafupifupi kuchira pambuyo pochotsa katundu.Choncho, kukana makwinya kwa nsalu ya polyester ndikwabwino kuposa nsalu zina za ulusi.
5) Valani kukana.Kukana kwake kuvala kumakhala kwachiwiri kwa nayiloni, ndipo kuposa ulusi wina wopangidwa, kukana kuvala kumakhala kofanana.
Chemical Kukhazikika
Kukhazikika kwamankhwala kwa polyester makamaka kumadalira kapangidwe kake kake.Polyester imatsutsana bwino ndi ma reagents ena kupatula kukana kwake kwa alkali.
Kukana kwa asidi.Dacron imakhala yokhazikika ku ma acid (makamaka organic acid) ndipo imamizidwa mu hydrochloric acid solution ndi gawo lalikulu la 5% pa 100 ℃.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-14-2022